Selecting & Extracting Hair - Masking Tutorial - Extraction Tips

One of the most challenging montage or masking jobs in the profession of
post-production editing is the hair lift. When the model has long
flowing hair and the subject needs to change location many
post-production artists call in sick. Get it wrong and, just like a bad
wig, it shows. Extract filters, Magic Erasers and Tragic Extractors
don’t even get us close.


Portrait image by Dan Stainsby

The first secret step must be completed before you even press
the shutter on the camera. Your number one essential step for success is
to first shoot your model against a white backdrop, sufficiently
illuminated so that it is captured as white rather than gray. This
important aspect of the initial image capture ensures that the resulting
hair transplant is seamless and undetectable.

The post-production is the easy bit - simply apply the correct
sequence of editing steps and the magic is all yours. This is not brain
surgery but follow these simple steps and you will join the elite ranks
of Photoshop gurus around the world. Celebrity status is just a few
clicks away.



Step 1
The initial steps of this tutorial are
concerned with creating a mask that can be used in the final montage.
Start by dragging the background layer to the New Layer icon to
duplicate it. Choose ‘Remove Color’ from the Adjust Color submenu found
in the Enhance menu (Enhance > Adjust Color > Remove Color).

Drag this desaturated/monochrome layer to the New Layer icon in
the Layers palette to duplicate it. Set the blend mode of this new layer
(now on top of the layers stack) to ‘Overlay’ mode.



Step 2
From the Layer menu choose ‘Merge Down’ to
create a single high-contrast monochrome layer. Select ‘Black’ as the
foreground color and the ‘Brush tool’ from the Tools palette. Choose a
large hard edged brush and 100% opacity from the Options bar and set the
mode to ‘Overlay’ (also in the Options bar).

Painting in Overlay mode will preserve the white background and
darken the rest of the pixels. Accuracy whilst painting in Overlay mode
is not a concern when the background is white or is significantly
lighter than the subject. Avoid going anywhere near the tips of the hair
at this stage.



Step 3
Even the bright tones of the white shirt can be
rendered black by repeatedly clicking the mouse whilst using a large
brush in Overlay mode. Again it is important to avoid going anywhere
near the hair.



Step 4
Darken the body of the hair near the scalp but avoid the locks
of hair that have white background showing through. Painting these
individual strands of hair will thicken the hair and may lead to
subsequent halos appearing later in the montage process.



Performance Tip
Switch the blend mode of the brush in the Options bar
to ‘Normal’ mode when painting away from the edge of the subject. This
will ensure a speedy conclusion to the mask making process. The mask is
now ready to use in the montage.

Note > If any of the background has been
darkened in the process of creating a black and white mask switch the
foreground color to ‘White’ and choose ‘Overlay’ in the Options bar.
Paint to render any areas of gray background white. It is again
important to avoid painting near the edges containing delicate hair
detail.



Step 5
With the Remove Color layer selected add a Levels adjustment
layer. Without making any adjustment simply select OK. This Levels
adjustment layer has a layer mask that we can use to house the mask that
we have created in the previous step.



Step 6
The next step relocates the mask you have just created into the
layer mask of the adjustment layer. From the Select menu choose ‘All’
and from the Edit menu choose ‘Copy Merged’. Hold down the Alt key and
click on the layer mask thumbnail in the Layers palette. The image
window will momentarily appear white as you view the empty contents of
the layer mask.

From the Edit menu choose ‘Paste’ to transfer the contents of
the clipboard to this layer mask. Click on the layer below to select it
and then click on the Visibility icon of this layer to switch it off.
This mask layer serves no purpose now that it has been successfully
transferred to the adjustment layer mask.



Step 7
The new background is placed on its own layer above the figure
and mask layers. Drag the thumbnail of this new file into the image
window of your project file from either the Photo Bin or the layer
thumbnail in the Layers palette. Group this new background layer with
the adjustment layer beneath (Layer > Group with Previous).
Alternatively you can hold down the Alt key and click on the dividing
line between the two layers to group them.



Step 8
Grouping the new background with the adjustment layer will mask
the background in the region of the figure but the quality will not yet
be acceptable. Setting the blend mode of the adjustment layer to
‘Multiply’ will bring back all of the fine detail in the hair. The
background will be not darkened by applying the ‘Multiply’ blend mode as
white is a neutral color. The subtle detail in the fine strands of hair
will however be preserved in all their glory.



Step 9
The accuracy and quality of the edge of the mask will usually
require some attention in order for the subject to achieve a seamless
quality with the new background. Make a selection of all of the edges
that do not include any hair detail using the Lasso tool with a small
amount of feather set in the Options bar. With the adjustment layer mask
selected choose the ‘Gaussian Blur filter’ (Filter > Blur >
Gaussian Blur) and apply a 1- to 2-pixel Radius Blur to the mask.

Click OK and then from the Enhance menu choose a Levels
adjustment from the Adjust lighting submenu. Move the central Gamma
slider underneath the histogram to realign the edge of the mask with the
subject edge (no dark or light halo should be visible).



Performance Tip
If the mask is too soft the edges can be sharpened by
moving the black and white sliders in towards the central Gamma slider a
little. Select OK when perfect alignment has been achieved.

Zoom in to 100% Actual pixels whilst working to accurately assess the quality of your mask.



Step 10
In most instances the hair is already looking pretty fabulous
but to modify and perfect the hair even further you will need to inverse
the selection (Select > Inverse). Choose ‘Levels’ once again and
move the central Gamma slider to the left to increase the density of the
hair and eliminate any white halos that may be present. Moving the
White slider to the left a little may help the process of achieving a
perfect blend between subject and background. Select OK and choose
‘Deselect’ from the Select menu.

Performance Tip
Any localized refinement of the mask can be achieved
manually by painting with a small soft edged brush directly into the
layer mask. Paint with white at a reduced opacity (10-20%) to remove any
fine halos present in localized areas. Several brush strokes will
slowly erase the halo from the image.



Step 11
The true test of an accurate mask for a subject that was
photographed against a white background is when you place the subject
against a very dark background. Grouping a Levels adjustment layer with
the new background layer can darken the background image used in this
project.

Hold down the Alt key when you select a Levels adjustment layer
from the Layers palette. Click on the Group with Previous box in the New
Layer dialog box and then select OK to open the Levels dialog box. Move
the Gamma slider to the right in order to preview your subject against a
darker background in the image window.



This is an Extract from Adobe Photoshop Elements 5.0 Maximum Performance. Learn more

http://www.photoshopsupport.com/elements/tutorials/extract-hair/masking-tutorial.html